MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SHORT NOTES
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Subject - Thermodynamics
Topics Covered-
- Basic terms
- Zeroth law of thermodynamics
- Work and Heat
- First law of thermodynamics
- Entropy
- Second law of thermodynamics
- Availability
- Irreversiblity
- Thermodynamics relation
- Ideal and real gases
Thermodynamics studies various energy interactions such as heat and work transfer with matter, which bring changes to the macroscopic properties of a substance which could be measurable.
The first law introduces energy as a property and it says that energy is neither created nor destroyed. Hence, energy is conserved. The first law doesn't say anything about the quality of energy.
The second law states that all kinds of energy are not of the same quality. It could be understood with an example that work is high-grade energy and heat is low-grade energy.
For water Pc = 221.2 bar Tc = 374.15˚C Vc = 0.00317 m3/kg
Characteristics of the critical point:
1. It is the highest temperature at which the liquid and vapour phases can coexist.
2. At the critical point hfg, ufg and vfg are zero.
3. Liquid vapour meniscus will disappear.
4. Specific heat at constant pressure is infinite.
Exergy or availability is the maximum useful work that can be obtained in a process in which the system is going to have equilibrium with surrounding. All spontaneous processes end up at the end state ,where the availability becomes zero.
Few Important points to remember-
- Energy is conserved, it can neither be created nor be destroyed.
- Energy of an isolated system is always constant and entropy of an isolated system always tends to maximize.
- Energy is conserved but it can be degraded in quality.
- Second law is a directional law as it tells about the direction of a process by maximizing the entropy and minimizing the exergy of the universe.
- A reversible adiabatic process is an isentropic process.
- The continuum model is applicable as long as the characteristic length of the system is much larger than the mean free path of the molecules.
- Time Constants: The time constant is the amount of time required for a thermocouple to indicate 63.2% of step change in temperature of the surrounding media.
The third law of thermodynamics states that entropy of a crystalline substance is zero at the absolute zero of temperature and represents the maximum degree of order.
Thermodynamics plays an important role in the analysis and design of all power-producing and absorbing systems such as-
- In power plant- gas turbines
- in IC engines
- In refrigerators and air conditioners
These are some applications of thermodynamics.
Thermodynamics is one of the important subjects in terms of marks in different examinations. By putting some extra effort it is easily possible to solve all the problems related to it. All important concepts and formulas are also present there. It will help you in steady quick revision and save your precious time so that you can practice more problems related to Thermodynamics.
Always refer to standard textbooks for doubt.
Here are some sample snaps for the Thermodynamics. The pdf covers every aspect of the Thermodynamics.
It is a platform for Mechanical Engineering students which provides you high quality handwritten short notes for various examination like ESE,GATE,SSCJE,STATE PSC And PSUs. Short notes helps you in quick revision of subjects and save your precious time.
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